What Makes a Rental Property Habitable?

Megan Bullock / apartments.com • February 17, 2021

As a landlord, it’s crucial to know renter rights, with one of the most important being the implied warranty of habitability. This means that tenants have a right to a habitable living space, but state statutes differ on the details of this definition.

What Is the Implied Warranty of Habitability?

An implied warranty (also known as a covenant or a right) of habitability means that the landlord must guarantee that the rental property is in safe, working order for the tenant’s lease term. The implied warranty of habitability requires landlords to:

Maintain the structure of the property and keep the plumbing and electrical systems in working order
Make major repairs in a timely manner with proper notice
Keep the rental safe and free from unsanitary conditions that constitute a health hazard

What Constitutes Unsanitary Conditions?

Most sanitation requirements are commonly known and understood by landlords. For example, landlords must provide some method of garbage disposal, even if they ask tenants to pay for it, as well as keep the sewage system in working order. Landlords must also disclose the existence of lead paint or asbestos in the unit, and even after disclosure, they could be liable for health problems that result from these pollutants.

However, there are some sanitation requirements that are not as clear, such as mold and pest/rodent control. Although it is a landlord’s responsibility to prevent mold and pest/rodent infestations, the tenant must do their part as well by maintaining the property’s cleanliness and reporting any issues to the landlord.

Mold

Very few of the many mold strains that can grow inside a dwelling are toxic, but those that are can cause extreme discomfort for people and can amount to a health hazard. The presence of mold in a rental property often signifies leaks or other conditions that the landlord should repair (and be made aware of by the tenant). Mold can also be the result of a lack of properly cleaning and maintaining the property. It’s important to include your expectations for cleanliness in the lease so the tenant is aware of their responsibilities, as well as the consequences of not upholding the terms of the lease.

Pest infestation

A pest infestation that existed before tenants moved in is clearly the landlord’s problem to fix. However, what about an infestation (of roaches, spiders, rats, etc.) that begins while tenants are occupying the rental? A pest or rodent infestation could occur from a lack of cleanliness, but they are fairly common regardless. Extermination is still ultimately the landlord’s responsibility, but if the problem persists due to a tenant’s neglect of the property’s cleanliness, the landlord may want to consider terminating the lease agreement (with probable cause) to get their investment back to its original state and prevent further damage.

Keep in mind that hoarding is a disorder protected by the FHA, so if the infestation is due to this, you cannot evict your tenant for this reason alone. Check your state laws before you make any decisions.

What Amenities Make a Rental Property Habitable?

Certain aspects of a rental property must be available to tenants, including:

Lighting

Proper lighting is an essential amenity in a rental property, and the landlord is responsible for maintaining it. This obligation applies to area lighting, but not necessarily to table lamps, work lights, and other specialty lighting. When essential room lights go out, or any other electrical systems malfunction, the landlord is required to repair them in a timely manner.

Heating

Heating is essential to a rental property’s habitability, and some states make very specific stipulations about habitable temperatures. It’s important to know the laws in your state, as well as those set by the municipality. San Francisco and New York are two examples of states that have established their own minimum temperature requirements for rental units.

Air conditioning

A lack of air conditioning doesn’t necessarily make a rental property uninhabitable, but it is required in a few states, particularly in southern states where temperatures surge in the summer months, so check your state laws to see if air conditioning is required in your area. If a tenant moves into a rental with a working air conditioner, it’s usually the landlord’s responsibility to keep it in working order through routine HVAC inspections as a contractual obligation. If the rental doesn’t come with an air conditioner, then the landlord has no obligation to install one (unless local laws state otherwise).

Appliances

Appliances are also considered a bonus amenity in a rental, as far as the law is concerned. However, the landlord has a contractual obligation to repair all appliances that come with the unit, so if the stove or refrigerator breaks, the landlord must repair or replace it. There is no law that forces this on the grounds of habitability, but if you intend to keep the landlord-tenant relationship in good standing, it’s in your best interest to repair the appliance(s) in a timely manner.

Are Smoke Alarms, Carbon Monoxide Detectors, and Emergency Exits Required?

Most fire marshals agree that a residential unit isn’t habitable if it doesn’t have smoke alarms, and in rental properties, it’s the landlord’s responsibility to service them. Check your state laws for specifics on the matter. For landlords who don’t know what type of smoke alarms to use or where to put them in the unit, FEMA provides a state-by-state guide. The laws regarding carbon monoxide detectors differ at a state level, but more states are beginning to require them in rental properties. Some state laws even specify that landlords are responsible for installing carbon monoxide detectors and maintaining them.

Every area where a tenant could sleep in a unit should have an emergency exit. The International Residential Code sets a minimum exit area of 5.7 square feet. When windows aren’t large enough to function as emergency exits, or if a basement bedroom lacks windows, some other means of an emergency exit must exist to make the rental property habitable.

When a Problem Arises in Your Rental Property

Aside from simple fixes like plunging a toilet or replacing a lightbulb, landlords should make it clear in the lease that tenants should not make repairs on their own. If an emergency occurs that makes a rental temporarily uninhabitable, like a broken toilet or a roof leak, the tenant should contact the landlord or property manager as soon as possible. In the lease, make it clear to tenants the importance of letting you know when problems arise so that you can make repairs. Once you’re aware of the problem, let your tenant know when they can expect the issue to be repaired and give them proper notice before entering the property.

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Stay or Sell? How To Make the Right Call as You Age

By KCM • May 24, 2026

Stay or Sell? How To Make the Right Call as You Age At some point, as you start thinking about the years ahead , this question tends to come up: “Could I stay here long-term… or would it make more sense to move?” It’s not always urgent. It often shows up in small moments, like going up and down the stairs, keeping up with the maintenance, or just thinking about what the next chapter of your life might look like in this home. And for most people, the answer is simple. They want to stay. The USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology found about 90% of adults over 65 prefer to stay in their homes as they get older (see below): But even if staying feels like the right answer, it’s still worth thinking ahead about what that might actually look like. That’s where the right agent can really help. What You Need To Plan for If You’re Staying in Your Home Aging in place is definitely possible. But it’s better if you have a plan. And here’s why. The home that once worked perfectly may need to change with you over the years. And it’s easier if you can anticipate those expenses. Sometimes that means small updates: like adding grab bars in the shower. Other times, you’ll have to make bigger decisions: like reworking layouts or moving key spaces to the first floor. Some of those changes are going to be simple. Others can be a meaningful investment. And that’s why thinking about it early matters. Not because you need to decide anything right now, but because it gives you time. Time to understand what your home may need. Time to explore your options. Time to find the right contractors. Time to space out the expense of the upgrades. According to ElderLife Financial, here's a rough baseline of what it could cost depending on what needs to be done (see below): And don’t worry. If your heart is really set on staying, but the costs feel like a concern, it helps to know you have options. Depending on your situation, there may be financial assistance programs available, along with tools like home warranties to help manage unexpected costs. Just remember, if you’re thinking about making updates, it’s always worth having a quick conversation before you start. A real estate agent can help you understand which changes tend to make sense for your situation and how they may impact your home’s value based on your local market. When Moving Might Make More Sense But staying isn’t always the best fit for every situation. According to Pegasus Senior Living: “While most seniors hope to age in place, practical considerations sometimes make selling a home the wiser choice.” Sometimes, it comes down to a simple shift: when the home that once made life easier, starts to make it harder. That might look like: Maintenance or yardwork that's starting to feel overwhelming Stairs or layouts that are getting harder to manage day-to-day Or needing more support or care or being too far from loved ones And sometimes, it’s not about necessity at all. It’s about lifestyle. Some homeowners just don’t want to live through major renovations. Others are ready to simplify, downsize , or move somewhere that better fits this next chapter, whether that’s a smaller home, a 55+ community, or a place closer to family. For them, moving simply means making daily life easier. Bottom Line There’s no one-size-fits-all answer here. Some people stay and make updates. Others move to simplify things. Either can be the right choice. The goal isn’t to pick one today. It’s to understand your options early, so when the time comes, you feel confident instead of rushed. And if you ever want a sounding board to think through what the future could look like for you, let’s connect.

Is Late May the Best Time To List Your House?

By KCM • May 21, 2026

Is Late May the Best Time To List Your House? You may have heard April 12-18 was the “best week” to list your house. That’s based on a report from Realtor.com. But now that it’s passed, you may be wondering if you missed your moment. Here's the good news – you didn’t. Because the reality is, there isn’t just one perfect week to sell your house this Spring. There’s a window. And right now, you’re still in it. Your Window To Sell Is Still Wide Open Here’s why. Different organizations run studies like this every year. And they don’t always land on the exact same week. That’s okay. It’s because they're using different research methods and even different definitions of what “best” means. But the fact that the results vary points to a larger trend. While there may be sweet spots, the entire Spring season gives sellers an opportunity to get some of the best conditions (and best sales prices) of the year. And it’s definitely not too late to jump in. Why Listing in Late May Is the Perfect Play According to Zillow, the best time to list your house this year is the last 2 weeks of May. And that’s approaching fast. Based on their analysis, this is the ideal time to do it if you want to make top dollar. Because, in this 2-week window, homes sell for more . Sometimes, quite a bit more. Depending on where you are and the price point in your area, some homeowners may even net tens of thousands of dollars extra in this sweet spot. As Zillow explains: “Why late spring? Buyer demand typically peaks before Memorial Day. Families want to move during the summer and settle in before the new school year. More buyers shopping at once can spark competition and lift prices .” And they’re not the only ones saying listing in May could be the key to selling for more. ATTOM Data analyzed almost 52 million home sales over the past 10 years and found sellers in May are achieving some of the highest returns . That means the ideal window this year is very much still open. What This Means for You If your goal is to sell for the strongest possible price, this is where timing and strategy come together. And you want to be sure you’re ready to make the most of it. So, what should you be doing right now? When prepping for a fast-moving window like this, you don’t want to waste time or money on the wrong prep work. And your agent is your go-to to make sure you’re focusing on the right things. They’ll be able to tell you if the “best week” is slightly different in your market. And what quick repairs or updates can help you get a higher price, without taking a ton of time or effort. Here's a quick example of things an agent may recommend based on information from Redfin: At the end of the day, when your prep time’s short, doing the right things matters more than doing more things. Bottom Line Zillow says the best time to list your house is just around the corner. Are you ready to make the most of it? If you want to take advantage of this Spring sweet spot and get top dollar for your house, let’s talk about what you need to do now to get ready to hit the market.

Think You Have To Put 20% Down? Most First-Time Homebuyers Don’t.

By KCM • May 20, 2026

Think You Have To Put 20% Down? Most First-Time Homebuyers Don’t. According to Google Trends, online searches for down payment information recently hit an all-time high. And that’s a clear sign more buyers are trying to figure out what they really need to save before making a move (see graph below): If you’re wondering the same thing, you can always turn to the internet for answers. But a lot of the time, it’s better to ask a local expert. Because here’s what a pro would tell you. The 20% Down Payment Myth The idea that you need 20% down to buy a home is one of the biggest misconceptions around the homebuying process. And the data debunks the myth. While there are benefits to putting that much money down, most first-time buyers put down far less. Here’s why. Unless it’s stated by your lender, you typically don’t have to have a 20% down payment. There are even some loan options designed to help you get into a home with a much smaller upfront cost. As the Mortgage Reports explains: “The amount you need to put down will depend on a variety of factors, including the loan type and your financial goals. If you don’t have a large down payment saved up, don’t worry—there are plenty of options available, and you don’t need to put down the traditional 20% . . . many homebuyers are able to secure a home with as little as 3% or even no down payment at all . . . ” For example, FHA loans allow down payments as low as 3.5% , while VA and USDA loans offer zero down payment options for qualified applicants, like Veterans. And those options are just one reason so many first-time buyers are able to buy without a 20% down payment. What Buyers Are Actually Putting Down So, if buyers aren’t doing 20%, how much do they actually put down? According to the National Association of Realtors (NAR), the median down payment for first-time homebuyers is only 10%. That’s half of what you probably expected. That means if you’re aiming to save 20% because you think you have to, you may be setting a timeline that’s longer than necessary. And here’s some more good news. It’s not only that you may be able to buy with less money down than you thought, but there are also options to help you get to your down payment goal even faster. Why You Should Look into Down Payment Assistance Programs There are a lot of programs designed to help you save for a down payment – and they can make a big difference in how fast you hit your savings target. Unfortunately, buyers don’t realize how many there are, or that they may qualify for help. Research from Realtor.com shows almost 80% of first-time homebuyers qualify for down payment assistance (DPA), but only 13% actually use it (see chart below): And that’s another big miss holding would-be buyers like you back. In the U.S., there are over 2,600 homeownership programs available, many offering significant financial support. As Down Payment Resource shares : “ With an average benefit of $18,000, down payment assistance (DPA) remains one of the most essential tools for addressing the nation’s affordability challenges. Programs continue to expand in scope, serving a broader range of incomes, property types and borrower needs, including first-generation, military and repeat buyers.” Imagine how much further your savings could go with an extra $18,000 you can use to buy. In some cases, you may even be able to stack multiple programs, giving what you’ve saved an even bigger boost. Bottom Line The simple truth is: most first-time buyers don’t put 20% down . And if you’ve been waiting to buy until you have that saved, you may be setting a timeline that’s longer than necessary. To find out what you really need to save and if you qualify for any help, connect with a trusted lender who can walk you through your options. You may be able to buy sooner than you thought.