What Makes a Rental Property Habitable?

Megan Bullock / apartments.com • February 17, 2021

As a landlord, it’s crucial to know renter rights, with one of the most important being the implied warranty of habitability. This means that tenants have a right to a habitable living space, but state statutes differ on the details of this definition.

What Is the Implied Warranty of Habitability?

An implied warranty (also known as a covenant or a right) of habitability means that the landlord must guarantee that the rental property is in safe, working order for the tenant’s lease term. The implied warranty of habitability requires landlords to:

  • Maintain the structure of the property and keep the plumbing and electrical systems in working order
  • Make major repairs in a timely manner with proper notice
  • Keep the rental safe and free from unsanitary conditions that constitute a health hazard

What Constitutes Unsanitary Conditions?

Most sanitation requirements are commonly known and understood by landlords. For example, landlords must provide some method of garbage disposal, even if they ask tenants to pay for it, as well as keep the sewage system in working order. Landlords must also disclose the existence of lead paint or asbestos in the unit, and even after disclosure, they could be liable for health problems that result from these pollutants.

However, there are some sanitation requirements that are not as clear, such as mold and pest/rodent control. Although it is a landlord’s responsibility to prevent mold and pest/rodent infestations, the tenant must do their part as well by maintaining the property’s cleanliness and reporting any issues to the landlord.

Mold

Very few of the many mold strains that can grow inside a dwelling are toxic, but those that are can cause extreme discomfort for people and can amount to a health hazard. The presence of mold in a rental property often signifies leaks or other conditions that the landlord should repair (and be made aware of by the tenant). Mold can also be the result of a lack of properly cleaning and maintaining the property. It’s important to include your expectations for cleanliness in the lease so the tenant is aware of their responsibilities, as well as the consequences of not upholding the terms of the lease.

Pest infestation

A pest infestation that existed before tenants moved in is clearly the landlord’s problem to fix. However, what about an infestation (of roaches, spiders, rats, etc.) that begins while tenants are occupying the rental? A pest or rodent infestation could occur from a lack of cleanliness, but they are fairly common regardless. Extermination is still ultimately the landlord’s responsibility, but if the problem persists due to a tenant’s neglect of the property’s cleanliness, the landlord may want to consider terminating the lease agreement (with probable cause) to get their investment back to its original state and prevent further damage.

Keep in mind that hoarding is a disorder protected by the FHA, so if the infestation is due to this, you cannot evict your tenant for this reason alone. Check your state laws before you make any decisions.

What Amenities Make a Rental Property Habitable?

Certain aspects of a rental property must be available to tenants, including:

Lighting

Proper lighting is an essential amenity in a rental property, and the landlord is responsible for maintaining it. This obligation applies to area lighting, but not necessarily to table lamps, work lights, and other specialty lighting. When essential room lights go out, or any other electrical systems malfunction, the landlord is required to repair them in a timely manner.

Heating

Heating is essential to a rental property’s habitability, and some states make very specific stipulations about habitable temperatures. It’s important to know the laws in your state, as well as those set by the municipality. San Francisco and New York are two examples of states that have established their own minimum temperature requirements for rental units.

Air conditioning

A lack of air conditioning doesn’t necessarily make a rental property uninhabitable, but it is required in a few states, particularly in southern states where temperatures surge in the summer months, so check your state laws to see if air conditioning is required in your area. If a tenant moves into a rental with a working air conditioner, it’s usually the landlord’s responsibility to keep it in working order through routine HVAC inspections as a contractual obligation. If the rental doesn’t come with an air conditioner, then the landlord has no obligation to install one (unless local laws state otherwise).

Appliances

Appliances are also considered a bonus amenity in a rental, as far as the law is concerned. However, the landlord has a contractual obligation to repair all appliances that come with the unit, so if the stove or refrigerator breaks, the landlord must repair or replace it. There is no law that forces this on the grounds of habitability, but if you intend to keep the landlord-tenant relationship in good standing, it’s in your best interest to repair the appliance(s) in a timely manner.

Are Smoke Alarms, Carbon Monoxide Detectors, and Emergency Exits Required?

Most fire marshals agree that a residential unit isn’t habitable if it doesn’t have smoke alarms, and in rental properties, it’s the landlord’s responsibility to service them. Check your state laws for specifics on the matter. For landlords who don’t know what type of smoke alarms to use or where to put them in the unit, FEMA provides a state-by-state guide. The laws regarding carbon monoxide detectors differ at a state level, but more states are beginning to require them in rental properties. Some state laws even specify that landlords are responsible for installing carbon monoxide detectors and maintaining them.

Every area where a tenant could sleep in a unit should have an emergency exit. The International Residential Code sets a minimum exit area of 5.7 square feet. When windows aren’t large enough to function as emergency exits, or if a basement bedroom lacks windows, some other means of an emergency exit must exist to make the rental property habitable.

When a Problem Arises in Your Rental Property

Aside from simple fixes like plunging a toilet or replacing a lightbulb, landlords should make it clear in the lease that tenants should not make repairs on their own. If an emergency occurs that makes a rental temporarily uninhabitable, like a broken toilet or a roof leak, the tenant should contact the landlord or property manager as soon as possible. In the lease, make it clear to tenants the importance of letting you know when problems arise so that you can make repairs. Once you’re aware of the problem, let your tenant know when they can expect the issue to be repaired and give them proper notice before entering the property. 


Share this post

History Shows the Housing Market Always Recovers

By KCM • September 15, 2025
History Shows the Housing Market Always Recovers Now that the market is slowing down, homeowners who haven’t sold at the price they were hoping for are increasingly pulling their homes off the market. According to the latest data from Realtor.com, the number of homeowners taking their homes off the market is up 38% since the start of this year and 48% since the same time last June. For every 100 new listings in June, about 21 homes were taken off the market. And if you’ve made that same choice, you’re probably frustrated things didn’t go the way you wanted. It’s hard when you feel like the market isn’t working with you. But while slowdowns can be painful in the moment, history tells us they don’t last forever. History Repeats Itself: Proof from the Past This isn’t the first time the housing market has experienced a slowdown. Here are some other notable times when home sales dropped significantly: 1980s: When mortgage rates climbed past 18% , buyers stopped cold. Sales crawled for years. But as soon as rates came down, sales surged back, and the market found its footing again. 2008: The Great Financial Crisis was one of the toughest housing downturns in history. Sales and prices both dropped hard. Still, sales rebounded once the economy recovered. 2020: During COVID, sales disappeared overnight, and many people had to put their plans on hold. Yet the recovery was faster than anyone expected, with a surge of buyers re-entering the market as soon as restrictions eased. The lesson is clear: no matter the cause, the market always rebounds. Today’s Situation: Where We Stand Now Over the past few years, home sales have been sluggish. And one big reason why is affordability. Mortgage rates rose at a record-breaking pace in 2022, and home prices were climbing at the same time. That combination put buying out of reach for many people. And when demand slows, home sales do too. The Outlook: Why Things Will Improve But here’s the encouraging part. Forecasts show sales are expected to pick up again moving into 2026. Last year, just about 4 million homes sold (shown in gray in the graph below). And this year is looking very similar (shown in blue). But the average of the latest forecasts from Fannie Mae , the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA), and the National Association of Realtors (NAR) show the experts believe there will be around 4.6 million home sales in 2026 (shown in green). And a big reason behind that projection is the expectation that mortgage rates will come down a bit, making it easier for more buyers to jump back in. That means what’s happening now is part of a cycle we’ve seen before. Every slowdown in the past has eventually given way to more activity, and this one will too. Just like the 1980s, 2008, and 2020, today’s dip in home sales is temporary. What That Means for You If you’ve paused your moving plans, you did what you thought was right. Your frustration is valid. But it’s also important to remember the bigger picture. Housing slowdowns don’t last forever. That’s where your local real estate agent comes in. Their job is to keep a close eye on the market for you. When the first signs of a rebound appear, they’ll help you spot the shift early so you can relist with confidence. Bottom Line If today’s housing market feels stuck, remember it’s never stayed down for good. Slowdowns end, activity returns, and people get moving again. So, let’s connect, because when the next wave of buyers shows up, you won’t want to miss it. As activity picks up again, will you be ready to put your house back on the market, or do you need to move sooner?

Thinking About Renting Your House Instead of Selling? Read This First.

By KCM • September 13, 2025
Thinking About Renting Your House Instead of Selling? Read This First. If your house is on the market but you haven’t gotten any offers you’re comfortable with, you may be wondering: what do I do if it doesn’t sell? And for a growing number of homeowners, that’s turning into a new dilemma: should I just rent it instead? There’s a term for this in the industry, and it’s called an accidental landlord . Here’s how Yahoo Finance defines it: “These ‘accidental landlords’ are homeowners who tried to sell but couldn’t fetch the price they wanted — and instead have decided to rent out their homes until conditions improve.” Why This Is Happening More Often Right Now And right now, the number of homeowners turning into accidental landlords is rising. Business Insider explains why: “While there have always been accidental landlords . . . an era of middling home sales brought on by a steep rise in borrowing rates — is minting a new wave of reluctant rental owners." Basically, sales have slowed down as buyers struggle with today’s affordability challenges. And that’s leaving some homeowners with listings that sit and go stale. And if they don't want to drop their price to try to appeal to buyers, they may rent instead. But here’s the thing you need to remember if renting your house has crossed your mind. Becoming a landlord wasn’t your original plan, and there’s probably a reason for that. It comes with a lot more responsibility (and risk) than most people expect. So, if you find yourself toying with that option, ask yourself these questions first: 1. Does Your House Have Potential as a Profitable Rental? Just because you can rent it doesn’t mean you should. For example: Are you moving out of state? Managing maintenance from far away isn’t easy. Does the home need repairs before it’s rental-ready? And do you have the time or the funds for that? Is your neighborhood one that typically attracts renters, and would your house be profitable as one? If any of those give you pause, it’s a sign selling might be the better move. 2. Are You Ready To Be a Landlord? On paper, renting sounds like easy passive income. In reality, it often looks more like this: Midnight calls about clogged toilets or broken air conditioners Chasing down missed rent payments Damage you’ll have to fix between tenants As Redfin notes: “Landlords have to fix things like broken pipes, defunct HVAC systems, and structural damage, among other essential repairs. If you don’t have a few thousand dollars on hand to take care of these repairs, you could end up in a bind.” 3. Have You Thought Through the True Costs? According to Bankrate, here are just a few of the hidden costs that come with renting out your home: A higher insurance premium (landlord insurance typically costs about 25% more) Management fees (if you use a property manager, they typically charge around 10% of the rent) Maintenance and advertising to find tenants Gaps between tenants, where you cover the mortgage without rental income coming in All of that adds up, fast. While renting can be a smart move for the right person with the right house, if you’re only considering it because your listing didn’t get traction, there may be a better solution: talking to your current agent and revisiting the pricing strategy on your house first. With their advice you can rework your strategy, relaunch at the right price, and attract real buyers to make the sale happen. Bottom Line Before you decide to rent your house, make sure to carefully weigh the pros and cons of becoming a landlord. For some homeowners, the hassle (and the expense) may not be worth it.

Condos Could Be a Win for Today’s Buyers

By KCM • August 29, 2025
Condos Could Be a Win for Today’s Buyers Not every homebuyer wants the biggest house on the block. Some want something simpler, more affordable, and easier to maintain, especially in a market where every dollar counts. That’s where condos come in. For first-time buyers, they can be a smart way to get into homeownership without stretching your budget. For downsizers, they offer less space to maintain with the flexibility to stay in a great location. And right now, condos are one of the most buyer-friendly parts of the market. Condo Inventory Is Up, And That Means More Choice According to the National Association of Realtors (NAR), there are 194,000 condos for sale right now. That’s the second highest amount we’ve seen in the last three years (see graph below): Just remember, this is the national figure. The exact number is going to vary based on where you’re looking to buy. But, generally speaking, you have more options and less competition. You’re not stuck waiting for something to pop up or rushing into an offer just to beat someone else to it. You’ve got plenty to choose from. And if you’re particular about layout, location, or amenities, this is your chance to be selective. That’s a big shift from the market frenzy of just a few years ago. Compared to early 2022, we’ve got nearly double the condos available now. That gives you more breathing room to find the right fit. Prices Are Cooling, and Buyers Hold More Negotiating Power And since there are more for sale, many sellers are more open to negotiating right now. So, you may be able to get a better price. As Redfin explains: “. . . condo buyers in many cities may be able to find sellers who are willing to give concessions and/or sell for less than their asking price.” Condo prices are starting to ease in many markets. According to Intercontinental Exchange (ICE), condo prices dipped 1.3% in June compared to last year. And over half of the top 100 U.S. metros saw condo prices drop slightly year-over-year. Data from Redfin shows what the recent dip in prices looks like (see graph below): That doesn’t just help with affordability, it also shifts the power dynamic. Condo buyers in many markets are now in a position to negotiate on price and ask for concessions, like help with closing costs. Bottom Line Condos aren’t just a fallback option. In today’s market, they’re one of the most strategic ways to buy. With more options, softening prices, and more room to negotiate, now could be the right time to make your move. Could a condo check more boxes than you expected? Let’s talk through your options and find out.
Show More